Last reviewed May 2026 · 1 min read
Is Propane-1,2-diol Esters of Fatty Acids vegan?
Also known as: Propylene glycol esters of fatty acids, E477
E-number: E477
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Source can be plant or animal.
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It depends — It is made from propylene glycol and fatty acids.
01 · The basics
What is Propane-1,2-diol Esters of Fatty Acids?
An emulsifier used primarily in cake mixes to help the batter rise and maintain a fine, airy texture.
02 · The source
Where it comes from
It is made from propylene glycol and fatty acids. The fatty acids can be animal-derived or vegetable-derived.
03 · Alternatives
Best vegan alternatives
Plant-derived E477
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Frequently asked
FAQ
Is E477 vegan?
It is a gray area. Most industrial versions for baking use vegetable oils to satisfy vegetarian markets, but verification is best.
What does it do in cakes?
It improves the 'whippability' of the batter and ensures the fat is evenly distributed, leading to a much softer cake.
Commonly found in
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Other emulsifier ingredients
E422 (Glycerol / Glycerin)
A sweet, syrupy liquid used as a humectant in foods and cosmetics.
E471 (Mono- and diglycerides)
A common emulsifier used in baked goods, ice cream, and margarine.
E481 (Sodium Stearoyl Lactylate)
An emulsifier used to improve the texture of baked goods.
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Related ingredients
E422 (Glycerol / Glycerin)
A sweet, syrupy liquid used as a humectant in foods and cosmetics.
E920 (L-Cysteine)
A dough conditioner used in commercial bread baking.
Calcium Carbonate
A common mineral used as a white food coloring, an anti-caking agent, and a calcium supplement.
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