Coloring Ingredients
We've indexed 85 coloring ingredients. Of those, 68 confirmed vegan, 5 non-vegan, 12 that depend on the source. Use this hub to look up any coloring on a label and find vegan alternatives where needed.
What are coloring ingredients?
Food colorings can be plant-, mineral-, or animal-derived. Carmine (E120), for instance, comes from crushed cochineal insects. Most synthetic colorings are vegan, but always check the specific E-number to be sure.
Coloring at a glance
Vegan coloring ingredients
Non-vegan coloring ingredients to avoid
Commonly found in
All coloring ingredients (85)
Allura Red AC
A popular synthetic red food dye used to give foods and drinks a prominent red or pink color.
Aluminium
Used as a metallic surface colorant for cake decorations.
Aluminium
Used as a metallic color for sprinkles.
Amaranth (Color)
A dark red to purple synthetic azo dye used to color food and cosmetics.
Annatto
A natural orange-red food coloring and flavoring extracted from the seeds of the achiote tree.
Annatto (E160b)
Annatto is a red-orange food coloring derived from the seeds of the achiote tree (*Bixa orellana*). It imparts a yellow to deep orange color and may also add a peppery, slightly nutty flavor.
Anthocyanins
Natural pigments that give red, purple, and blue colors to many fruits and vegetables.
Anthocyanins (E163)
A group of water-soluble pigments responsible for the red, purple, and blue colors in many fruits, vegetables, and flowers. They are used as natural food colorings.
Basic Brown 16
A cationic dye used in color-depositing shampoos and conditioners.
Beetroot Powder
A powder used as a natural red dye and a pre-workout supplement to boost nitric oxide.
Beetroot Red
A natural red food coloring extracted from the roots of red beets.
Beetroot Red (E162)
Beetroot Red, also known as Betanin, is a red food dye extracted from beets (*Beta vulgaris*). It is used to impart a red or pink color, particularly in products with low acidity.
Beta-apo-8'-carotenal
A carotenoid used as an orange-red food color.
Beta-Carotene
A red-orange pigment found in plants and fruits, used as a coloring and a source of Vitamin A.
Beta-Carotene (E160a)
Beta-carotene is a red-orange organic compound abundant in fungi, plants, and fruits. It is used as a food coloring and is a precursor to vitamin A.
Bismuth Oxychloride
A synthetic mineral used to give makeup an iridescent, pearl-like effect.
Bixin
The main pigment in Annatto, providing a yellow-orange color.
Blue 1 Lake
The water-insoluble version of Brilliant Blue.
Blue 2 Lake
The water-insoluble version of Indigo Carmine.
Brilliant Black BN
A synthetic black azo dye used to achieve dark shades in food and cosmetics.
Brilliant Blue FCF
A synthetic blue dye used in foods, cosmetics, and dietary supplements to achieve a vibrant blue hue.
Brown FK
A complex mixture of synthetic azo dyes specifically formulated to color kippered (smoked) fish.
Brown HT
A synthetic brown azo dye used to replace cocoa or caramel in food products.
Calcium Carbonate
A common mineral used as a white food coloring, an anti-caking agent, and a calcium supplement.
Canthaxanthin
An orange-pink pigment found in nature, but often used synthetically as a food dye or poultry feed additive.
Caramel Color
One of the oldest and most widely used food colorings, providing a brown hue to foods and drinks.
Caramel Color (E150)
Caramel color is a water-soluble food coloring created by the heat treatment of carbohydrates, a process called caramelization. It is one of the oldest and most widely-used food colorings, ranging from pale yellow to dark brown.
Carbon Black
A black pigment used as a food color.
Carmine
A bright red dye used extensively in the food and cosmetics industry to achieve a vibrant, long-lasting crimson hue.
Carmine (CI 75470)
A red pigment made from crushed bugs. (Listed under CI 75470 in cosmetics).
Carmine (Coloring)
A bright red pigment obtained from the aluminium salt of carminic acid, which is produced by some scale insects.
Carminic Acid
The pure red dye molecule extracted from the cochineal bug.
Carmoisine
A synthetic red to maroon food dye commonly used in products that are heat-treated after fermentation.
Chlorophyll (E140)
Chlorophyll is the natural green pigment found in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria that is essential for photosynthesis. It is extracted and used as a green food coloring.
Chromium Oxide Greens
A green inorganic pigment used in cosmetics.
Citrus Red 2
An artificial dye used exclusively to color the skins of some oranges.
Copper Complexes of Chlorophylls
A semi-synthetic green dye that is more stable than natural chlorophyll.
Curcumin (E100)
Curcumin is a bright yellow chemical compound produced by plants of the Curcuma longa species, commonly known as turmeric. It is widely used as a food coloring agent to impart a yellow hue.
Disperse Black 9
A synthetic pigment used in non-oxidative hair dyes.
Erythrosine
A synthetic cherry-pink, coal-tar-based food dye used to color sweets and preserved fruits.
Ethyl ester of beta-apo-8'-carotenoic acid
A yellow to orange food color.
Fast Green FCF
A sea-green synthetic dye.
Ferric Ferrocyanide
A dark blue pigment.
Ferrous Gluconate
Used to color olives black.
Ferrous Gluconate (E579)
Color retention agent.
Ferrous Lactate
Used to color olives black.
Ferrous Lactate (E585)
Color retention agent.
Flavoxanthin
A natural golden-yellow pigment found in buttercups.
Gold
Pure gold used as an edible decoration and in luxury skincare.
Green S
A synthetic green coal tar dye used to give foods a minty or lime-green color.
Guanine
A crystalline material used in the cosmetics industry to give makeup a shimmery, pearlescent, or light-diffusing effect.
HC Blue No. 2
A semi-permanent hair dye used in temporary rinses.
Indigo Carmine
A synthetic blue food dye used to achieve dark blue or purple shades in foods and medical diagnostics.
Iron Oxides
Naturally occurring mineral deposits used heavily as pigments in cosmetics to create reds, blacks, and yellows.
Iron Oxides (CI 77491, CI 77492, CI 77499)
Mineral pigments used to give makeup its brown, red, and yellow colors.
Lawsone
The red-orange dye molecule found in the leaves of the henna plant.
Lithol Rubine BK
A red synthetic azo dye used almost exclusively for coloring the wax coatings of cheeses.
Lutein
A carotenoid vitamin known as the 'eye vitamin', heavily used in supplements to prevent eye disease.
Lutein
A yellow pigment and eye-health supplement.
Lycopene
A bright red carotenoid pigment found in tomatoes and other red fruits.
Lycopene (E160d)
Lycopene is a bright red carotenoid pigment naturally found in tomatoes and other red fruits. It is used as a food coloring and is also known for its antioxidant properties.
Manganese Violet
A bright purple inorganic pigment.
Norbixin
A water-soluble derivative of Annatto.
Orange B
An artificial dye restricted exclusively to the casings of hot dogs and sausages.
Paprika Extract
A bright orange-red oil-soluble extract used for both coloring and flavoring food products.
Patent Blue V
A dark bluish-violet synthetic dye used to color foods and as a diagnostic tool in medicine.
Ponceau 4R
A synthetic strawberry red azo dye used in a variety of food and drink products to impart a deep red color.
Quinoline Yellow
A bright greenish-yellow synthetic food dye.
Red 2G
A synthetic red dye.
Red 40 Lake
A water-insoluble version of Red 40, used to color fat-based products and cosmetics.
Riboflavin (E101)
Riboflavin, also known as Vitamin B2, is a nutrient that functions as a yellow-orange food coloring. It is used for both fortification and coloration in a wide range of food products.
Rubine Motive
A synthetic red dye.
Silver
Pure silver used as an edible surface colorant and an antibacterial agent.
Spirulina Extract (Phycocyanin)
The isolated blue pigment from spirulina, used as a powerful antioxidant and a natural blue food coloring.
Sulphite Ammonia Caramel
The most common class of caramel color, used to give dark brown colors to beverages and sauces.
Sunset Yellow FCF
A petroleum-derived orange azo dye used to give foods and drinks a sunset-orange color.
Tartrazine
A bright lemon-yellow synthetic food dye commonly used in processed foods, drinks, and medications.
Tin Oxide
A mineral used in cosmetics to provide a pearlescent, shimmery finish, often coating mica.
Titanium Dioxide
A naturally occurring bright white mineral used as a pigment in food, paint, and sunscreen.
Titanium Dioxide (E171)
A naturally occurring mineral used as a white pigment to brighten and opacify foods, cosmetics, and other products. It provides a bright white color without adding flavor.
Ultramarines
A brilliant blue synthetic mineral pigment used in cosmetics.
Vegetable Carbon
A black pigment used as a food coloring and in medical applications for its detoxifying properties.
Yellow 5 Lake
The water-insoluble version of Tartrazine.
Yellow 6 Lake
The water-insoluble version of Sunset Yellow.
Zeaxanthin
A yellow pigment used for eye health.
Frequently asked about coloring
Are all coloring ingredients vegan?
Not all. Of 85 coloring ingredients indexed, 68 are vegan, 5 are non-vegan, and 12 can go either way depending on the manufacturer.
Which coloring ingredients should vegans avoid?
The most common non-vegan coloring ingredients are Carmine, Carmine (CI 75470), Carmine (Coloring). See the list below for the full breakdown and vegan alternatives for each.
What are vegan alternatives to coloring ingredients?
Popular plant-based replacements include Beetroot powder, E162 (Beetroot Red), Lycopene, Red 40 Lake. Each non-vegan entry below lists specific alternatives suited to its function.
How do I spot coloring ingredients on a food label?
Look for the substance name or its E-number. Common coloring E-numbers include E129, E173, E173, E123, E160b. When in doubt, check the manufacturer's vegan certification or contact them directly.
Why are some coloring ingredients listed as "check label"?
12 coloring ingredients we've indexed can be derived from either plant or animal sources depending on the manufacturer. The vegan status only becomes clear when you check the brand or look for vegan certification.